Albedo of basic thick sea ice surface types

Annual snowfall pattern for a typical mountain environment, Columbine Pass, Colorado 1971-2000

Antarctica, showing rates of surface-elevation change derived from satellite radar-altimeter measurements

Antarctica, topographic map

Arctic delta pond ecosystems, seasonal flooding and adaptation

Arctic sea ice minimum extent in September 1982, 2005 and 2007

Arctic sea ice minimum extent in September 1982 and 2005

Arctic sea ice minimum extent in September 1982 and 2008

Arctic temperature anomaly patterns

Arctic temperatures in the 20th century, modeled and observed

Average Recurrence Interval for sea-level events of a given height at Sydney, Australia6c_sidney_level

Caucasus ice-rock avalanche in Russian Republic of North Ossetia

Change in the age of ice on the Arctic Ocean, comparing September ice ages in 1988, 1990, 2001 and 2005

Climate feedbacks - the connectivity of the positive ice/snow albedo feedback, terrestrial snow and vegetation feedbacks and the negative cloud/radiation feedback

Cryosphere - winter seasons, Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Effects of sea-level rise on water resources of small islands and low-lying coastal areas

Estimates of people flooded in coastal areas in the 2080s as a result of sea-level rise and for given socio-economic scenarios and protection responses

Example of enhanced water levels produced from river ice, Liard River, Canada

Formation of lakes and glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) by Medvezhi Glacier, Pamirs

Glacier changes on Nevado de Santa Isabel, Colombia

Glacier front variations in the European Alps

Glaciers monitored through the World Glacier Monitoring Service

Greenland, showing rates of surface-elevation change between the late 1990s and 2003

Greenland, showing rates of surface-elevation change between the late 1990s and 2003

Historical trends in carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature, on a geological and recent time scale

Ice-albedo feedback process

Ice avalanches of the Nevados Huascarán in Peru

Ice sheets, schematic illustration for Greenland and Antarctica

Increases in annual temperatures for a recent five-year period, relative to 1951-1980

Increases in annual temperatures for a recent five-year period, relative to 1951-1980

Jakobshavn Isbrae and ice fjord, showing locations of the calving ice front in years from 1851 to 2006, together with flow velocity observations

Major glacier hazard locations

Maps of average sea ice extent in the Arctic summer (September) and winter (March), and in the Antarctic summer (February) and winter (September)

Mass balance of Maliy Aktru Glacier, Russian Altai

Mass balance reference glaciers in nine mountain ranges

Mean snow-cover extent in the Northern Hemisphere 1966-2006

Melting ice on Mount Kilimanjaro, East Africa

Monthly average sea ice extent globally and in both hemispheres

Monthly average sea ice extent globally and in both hemispheres (radial)

Mountain permafrost patterns and temperature gradients

Northern Hemisphere snow-cover extent anomalies 1966-2005

Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage compared with currently used shipping routes

Overview of world glaciers and ice caps

Overview on glacier changes since the end of the Little Ice Age

Permafrost extent in the Northern Hemisphere

Population, area and economy affected by a 1 m sea level rise (global and regional estimates, based on today's situation)

Population size of Peary caribou in the Canadian Arctic islands

Projected changes in permafrost (Northern Hemisphere)

Projected increase (days) of the navigation season through the Northern Sea Route as an average of 5 ACIA model projections

Projected reduction in snow 2080-2100

Projected sea-level rise for the 21st century

Projected temperatures in the 21th century

Projected winter temperature changes in the Arctic

Ratio of existing ski areas in the Alps with natural snow-reliability under current conditions and warmer conditions

Regional changes in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice

Ringed seal pupping lair, with the pup in the lair and the female approaching the haul-out hole from the water

Schematic diagram of glacier, permafrost and forest limits as a function of mean annual air temperature and average annual precipitation

Sea ice concentration change over the 21st century as projected by climate models

Shrinking Lewis Glacier, Mount Kenya

Shrinking of Fedchenko Glacier in the Pamirs of Tajikistan

Temperatures over previous centuries from various proxy records

The Cryosphere, components and world maps

The Cryosphere, world map

Time series of freeze-up and break-up dates from selected Northern Hemisphere lakes and rivers, 1846–1995

Time series of freeze-up and break-up dates from selected Northern Hemisphere lakes and rivers, 1846–1995

Trends in Antarctic tourism

Trends in Arctic sea-ice extent in March (maximum) and September (minimum) in the time period of 1979–2006

Trends in Arctic sea ice extent in March (maximum) and September (minimum) in the time period of 1979–2008

Trends in Arctic temperature, 1880-2006

Trends in permafrost temperatures and active-layer thickness, Northern Tien Shan mountains

Trends in permafrost temperatures during the last 23 to 28 years in northern Alaska

Trends in permafrost temperatures in the central and northern Mackenzie Valley, 1984-2006

Trends in sea level, 1870-2006

Trends in snow-covered area for the Northern Hemisphere 1922-2005

Trends in spring snow cover duration for the Northern Hemisphere, 1970-2004

Trends in spring temperatures and ice break-up dates in Canada

Variations in snow depth and ice cover, alpine lake at Hardangervidda plateau, Norway

Water towers of Asia - glaciers, water and population in the greater Himalayas-Hindu Kush-Tien Shan-Tibet region

World ocean thermohaline circulation

World ocean thermohaline circulation (alternative version)

Global Outlook for Ice & Snow

The futures of hundreds of millions of people across the world will be affected by declines in snow cover, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost ...

13 years ago Monograph