A typical example of the sanitation service chain with variation for urban and rural areas
Six types of circular economy are common to Africa, including treated water reuse for agriculture, reclaimed sewer wastewater for potable use, treated wastewater for aquaculture, recycled wastewater for agriculture, untreated wastewater for irrigation, and non-sewer wastewater recycling for agriculture and energy.
In Africa, a proportion of consumed water along with excreta from toilets ends up as wastewater in sewers or on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks or wet pits. While, to a variable extent, sewers are often developed in large urban centers, sanitation coverage with on-site sanitation systems in Africa remains one of the highest in the world.
Year: 2020
From collection: Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa - Circular Economy
Cartographer: GRID-Arendal