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Graphic Sanitation and Wa... Variants of CEA 2

Variants of CEA 2

In this CEA, sewered wastewater is treated to meet quality standards for drinking. There are three possible pathways to convert wastewater into drinking water: • Advanced wastewater treatment processes (for example, membrane filtration) for direct reuse as potable water • Conventional wastewater treatment processes for indirect reuse through groundwater recharge • Untreated wastewater use in agriculture with indirect groundwater recharge

Year: 2020

From collection: Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa - Circular Economy

Cartographer: GRID-Arendal

Tags: Africa sanitation wastewater

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A typical example of the sanitation service chain with variation for urban and rural areas

CapVal project financial flows

CEA 5 business model

Common on-farm ponds use in West Africa

Drivers of the circular economy approach in wastewater management

Durban wastewater recycling project and benefits

Factors influencing farmers’ buying behaviour in Ghana (per cent)

Faecal coliform and helminth eggs over time in an on-farm pond in Kumasi

Financial flows in the Fortifer business

Generic pathways for the circular economy in wastewater management

Outline of a circular economy

Reduction of faecal coliforms on lettuce following application of risk-mitigation measures for safe wastewater irrigation

Stakeholder diagram for Durban Water Recycling

Steps in the Fortifer production process

The CEA 1 business model

The CEA 2 business model

Use of weirs and reservoirs

WHO’s multi-barrier approach to reduce health risks in wastewater reuse

Publications it appears in

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Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa

The Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa features extensive information on existing infrastructure and opportunities for improvement.

02 Feb 2021 Environment Atlas

Related activities

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Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa Workshop

Completed Waste & Marine Litter

Wastewater management and sanitation provision in Africa

Developing and disseminating knowledge towards enhancing wastewater management and sanitation service delivery in Africa.

In progress Waste & Marine Litter

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