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Forest-sector mitigation technologies could be grouped into four general categories according to their main expected impact on C emissions and removals:
a) C conservation (avoided emissions by halting deforestation, forest protection, etc);
b) C sequestration;
c) C offsets (substitution of fossil fuels or non-sustainable timber extraction); and
d) C offsets from wood products.
The technologies are listed in Table 12.1.
| Table 12.1 Climate Change Mitigation Technologies, Benefits, and Impacts | ||||
| Types of mitigation Projects | Technologies, practices and systems | Carbon sequestration or emission reduction potential | Bio-diversity conservation | Socio-economic Benefits |
| Carbon Conservation | Deforestation reduction through policy changes |
+++
|
+++
|
++
|
| Formation of Protected Areas |
+++
|
+++
|
++
|
|
| Monitoring forest; area and vegetation status |
++
|
++
|
|
|
| Recreational reserves |
++
|
++
|
++
|
|
| Sustainable Forest Management |
+++
|
++
|
+++
|
|
| Fire protection techniques |
++
|
++
|
|
|
| Reduced impact logging |
++
|
++
|
+
|
|
| Carbon sequestration | Afforestation |
++
|
++
|
+++
|
| Reforestation |
+++
|
++
|
+++
|
|
| Industrial Plantations |
++
|
|
++
|
|
| Agroforestry |
++
|
+
|
++
|
|
| Urban forestry |
++
|
+
|
+++
|
|
| Carbon Offsets (substitution for fossil fuels and unsustainably harvested wood) | Short rotation forestry for biofuels |
+++
|
+
|
+++
|
| Sustainable biomass plantation |
+++
|
|
+++
|
|
| Waste use for energy |
++
|
+
|
|
|
| Efficient processing technologies |
++
|
|
+++
|
|
| Recycling of forest products |
++
|
+
|
++
|
|
| Bio-energy (bio-electricity through gasification of biomass or combustion) |
+++
|
|
++
|
|
| Fuel efficient stoves |
+
|
+
|
+++
|
|
| Biogas for cooking |
+++
|
+
|
+++
|
|
| Efficient charcoal kilns |
++
|
|
++
|
|
| Carbon offsets from wood products | Recycling forest products |
++
|
+
|
+
|
| Substitution of fossil-fuel intensive products with wood products (e.g., steel with wood for construction) |
++
|
+
|
+
|
|
| Storage in long-term |
++
|
+
|
|
|
| wood products |
|
|
|
|
+++ HIGH POSITIVE IMPACT
+ LOW POSITIVE IMPACT
|
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|