Chapter 11: Tropical Asia

11.1. Regional Characterization and Baseline Conditions

11.1.1. Introduction
11.1.2. Physiography and Biogeography
11.1.3. Settlement, Population, and Economy

11.2.1. Present Climate Characteristics
11.2.2. Recent Climate Trends and Variability

11.2.2.1. Temperature and Precipitation
11.2.2.2. Tropical Cyclones
11.2.2.3. Trends in Climate-Related Phenomena: Floods and Droughts
11.2.2.4. Trends in Sea Level

11.2.3. Projections of Future Climates: Regional Scenarios

11.2.3.1. Background Information
11.2.3.2. Temperature and Rainfall
11.2.3.3. Tropical Cyclones

11.2.4. A Recent Scenario for the Indian Subcontinent

11.3. Vulnerabilities and Potential Impacts

11.3.1. General Comments
11.3.2. Ecosystems and Biodiversity

11.3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecosystems

11.3.2.1.1. Tropical forests
11.3.2.1.2. Freshwater wetlands
11.3.2.1.3. Montane ecosystems
11.3.2.1.4. Crop biodiversity

11.3.2.2. Coastal Ecosystems

11.3.2.2.1. Coral reefs
11.3.2.2.2. Mangroves

11.3.3. Hydrology and Water Resources

11.3.3.1. Introduction
11.3.3.2. Hydrological Systems
11.3.3.3. Runoff and River Discharge

11.3.4. Food and Fiber: Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries

11.3.4.1. Agriculture

11.3.4.1.1. Regional importance of agriculture
11.3.4.1.2. Vulnerability of agriculture
11.3.4.1.3. Climate change and crop yields

11.3.4.2. Forests and Forestry
11.3.4.3. Fisheries

11.3.5. Mountain and Upland Regions
11.3.6. Coastal Zones
11.3.7. Human Health

11.3.7.1. Malaria
11.3.7.2. Dengue and Schistosomiasis
11.3.7.3. Other Diseases

11.4. Integrated Assessment of Potential Vulnerabilities and Impacts

References

Edited by: ROGER F. McLEAN (AUSTRALIA), S.K. SINHA (INDIA), M.Q. MIRZA (BANGLADESH), AND MURARI LAL (INDIA)

Contributors: A. Achanta (India), S. Adhikary (Nepal), R.V. Cruz (Philippines), Lim Joo Tick (Malaysia), A.N. Purohit (India), A. Soegiarto (Indonesia), S. Soesanto (Indonesia), C. Tingsabadh (Thailand)

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