Oil production, consumption and export in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan for period 1999-2009.

Oil production in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. The region has significantly expended its oil and gas production, and it is set to grow. The increases in outputs so far have been associated with, and encouraged by, an emerging diversity of export routes and markets, supported by large investments.

Land degradation, water issues, and po0llution due to oil production and industrial activities in Azerbaijan. About 30 000 hectares of soil on Azerbaijan’s Absheron peninsula is polluted by oil products and various forms of industrial waste.

Future projection in volume of oil exportation via Black and Mediterranean Seas.

For many years, coastal navigation has connected republics in the former Soviet Union. It used the only outlet from the Caspian, the Volga-Don canal, which connects the Black Sea and the Russian canal system to the Baltic. It is still used to transport raw materials, timber, coal, grain, fertilisers, and other products. However, the oil boom has changed the way the Caspian Sea is used as a transport route. In the absence of an agreement...

The giant Kashagan offshore field was discovered in July 2000, 80 kilometres south of Atyrau. It is the largest Caspian offshore field and one of the largest fields discovered anywhere in the world in the past 30 years. Named after a prominent 19th century Kazakh poet, it covers an area 75 kilometres long and 45 wide. The Kashagan field was formed 350 million years ago in shallow warm sea conditions, lying below salt fields at a depth of ...

Illustration in a set of graphics prepared for a pilot assessment report on the Black Sea drainage basin, for the UNEP Global Impact on Waters Assessment (GIWA). All data and information were prepared in close collaboration with the GIWA Black Sea team and the GIWA secretariat. The graphics were not used in this form in the final report on the Black Sea, published in 2005.

Proposal from the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) for permanent petroleum-free zones in the Barents Sea. Areas covered with ice for parts of the year are also included in the proposed zones. The map has been drawn up by WWF Norway and is based on vulnerability analyses from Det Norske Veritas (April 2005) and mapping of fish resources from the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (March 2005).