Nordområdena, from the North

Open/closed areas for oil activities

Nordområdena, from the North

Open/closed areas for oil activities

Pipelines in the Barents Sea region

Fieldstatus

Energy is vital for the internal and external security of all three countries (see figure). A secure, affordable domestic energy supply is critical to economic development, particularly in energy hungry industrial sectors. It is also essential to meet social needs (heating, transportation, etc.) especially for vulnerable groups.

Share of transport-related greenhouse gas emissions

Even though the nuclear industry does not significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, it is a disputable alternative to fossil fuels. In the former USSR people and the environment still have to cope with the nuclear industry’s legacy.

All data is for 2000. All calculations are based on CO2 equivalents, using 100-year global warming potentials from the IPCC (1996), based on a total global estimate of 41 755 MtCO2 equivalent. Land use change includes both emissions and absorptions. Dotted lines represent flows of less than 0.1% percent of total GHG emissions.

The following gases are taken into account: CO2 - Carbon dioxide CH4 - Methane N2O - Nitrous oxide PFCs - Perfluorocarbons HFCs - Hydrofluorocarbons SF6 - Sulphur hexafluoride

The national greenhouse gas intensity measures the quantity of GHG emissions in relation to the economic output of a country and is independent of the absolute quantity of GHG emitted. Other ways to represent GHG emissions are emissions per capita or in total per country. In both cases the picture changes completely. Countries with high absolute emissions may have relatively low intensities and vice versa, as with growing economic productivity e...

This graphic attempts to show 'all in one': the various measures for greenhouse gas reduction with both reduction (in CO2 equivalent) and cost (in Euros) quantified. Read from left to right it gives the whole range of strategic options ranging from low hanging fruit, such as building insulation, in green (coming with economic savings) to the increasingly higher hanging ones, such as afforestation, wind energy, in red. * Carbone Capture and St...

The area of the squares is proportionate to the annual reduction in emissions in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Estimated values calculated by France's Environment Institute (Ifen), drawing on various sources: Manicore; Ceren; Ministry of Works statistics department (Sesp); Insee; Ademe; Environment Ministry (MIES), climate plan 2004; Enertech; Citepa; Energy Observatory.

One certified emission reduction unit is equivalent to a one-tonne reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (measured in CO2 equivalent). Circles have only been drawn for countries that have issued more than 50,000 CERs. Certified Emission Reduction units issued by host parties

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), adopted in 1992, divides countries into Annex I (industrialized countries and countries with economies in transition) and Non-Annex I parties (mostly developing countries). Some of them committed to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by adopting the Kyoto Protocol (1997).

Buildings (residential and commercial) account for 10 to 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions, including almost 70% carbon dioxide and 25% methane.

Thousand million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year (1970-2004 period)

The data comes from national reports to UNFCCC. For developing countries (i. e. non-Annex I countries), data is either old or missing. To better reflect the truth, we chose to overlap 2000 data from IEA (dashed circles). Please note that the calculation methods are different. Data is for 2004, except * (1994) and dashed circles (2000). Only emissions above 40 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent are represented.

Besides the well-known economic value of fisheries, there are several other activities generating significant revenues in coastal and marine areas. Tourism has become one of the world’s fastest growing industries, providing a significant proportion of the GDPs of many developing countries. Small island states are particularly reliant on coastal and marine tourism. In the Caribbean, for example, the industry accounts for a quarter of the total eco...