References
Aerospace Industries Association of America, 1998: Aerospace
Facts and Figures, Washington, DC, USA, various years.
Association of European Airlines, 1998: Press Release dated October
19, 1998, and other dates.
Aylesworth, H. Jr., 1997: Use of the Global Warming Commitment Concept
to Measure the Benefits of Differing Policy Approaches to Reduce the Atmospheric
Effects of Aviation. Working Paper WG3-WP3/20, International Civil Aviation
Organization Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Working Group 3
(Emissions), Third Meeting, Savannah, GA, USA, 2023 May 1997, 14 pp. +
appendix.
Balashov, B. and A. Smith, 1992: ICAO analyses--trends in fuel consumption
by world's airlines. ICAO Journal, 47(6), 1821.
Bleijenberg, A.N. and R.C.N. Wit, 1998: A European Environmental Aviation
Charge, Feasibility Study. Final Report, Center for Energy Conservation
and Environmental Technology, Delft University, March 1998, 195 pp.
Council of Economic Advisors, 1998a: Economic Report of the President.
United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA, 449 pp.
Council of Economic Advisors, 1998b: The Kyoto Protocol and the President's
Policies to Address Climate Change. U.S. Council of Economic Advisors, Washington,
DC, USA, July 1998, 80 pp. + appendices.
Dudek, D. and J. Goffman, 1997: Emissions Budgets: Building an Effective
International Greenhouse Gas Control System. Paper presented by invitation
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Ad Hoc
Group on the Berlin Mandate (AGBM), Geneva, Switzerland, February 1997, 26 pp.
EASG, 1995: Final Report of the Economic Analysis Subgroup Regarding
Economic Analysis of CAEP/3 Noise and Emissions. Working Paper 4.4, Economic
Analysis Subgroup of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Coordination
Working Group (WG4), International Civil Aviation Organization Committee on
Aviation Environmental Protection, Bonn, Germany, June 1995, 51 pp. + appendices.
EISG, 1995: Report of the Emissions Inventory Sub-Group. Emissions
Inventory Subgroup of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Emissions
Working Group (WG3), International Civil Aviation Organization Committee on
Aviation Environmental Protection, Bonn, Germany, June 1995, 45 pp.
EUROCONTROL, 1998: Delays to Air Transport in Europe (CODA Report). EUROCONTROL,
Brussels, Belgium, various years.
European Commission, 1997: Proposal for a Council Directive Restructuring
the Community Framework for the Taxation of Energy Products. COM (97) 0030,
European Commission, Brussels, Belgium, 17 March 1997.
European Commission, 1998: Consultation Paper on Air Transport and the
Environment. European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, Brussels,
Belgium, July 1998.
FESG, 1998: Report of the Forecasting and Economic Support Group (FESG)
to CAEP/4. International Civil Aviation Organization Committee on Aviation
Environmental Protection, Montreal, Canada, 68 April 1998, 132 pp.
GAO, 1997: Air Pollution: Overview and Issues on Emissions Allowance
Trading Programs. Testimony Before the Joint Economic Committee,
Congress of the United States, July 1997 by P. Guerrero, Director,
Environmental Protection Issues, Resources, Community and Economic Development
Division. GAO/T-RCED-97-183, U.S. General Accounting Office, USA, 14 pp.
ICAO, 1989: Economic Implications of Future Noise Restrictions on Subsonic
Jet Aircraft. Circular 218-AT/86, International Civil Aviation Organization,
Montreal, Canada, 60 pp.
ICAO, 1993a: International Standards and Recommended Practices--Environmental
Protection. Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Volume
I: Aircraft Noise, 3rd ed. International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal,
Canada, July 1993, 130 pp.
ICAO, 1993b: International Standards and Recommended Practices--Environmental
Protection. Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Volume
II: Aircraft Engine Emissions, 2nd ed. International Civil Aviation Organization,
Montreal, Canada, July 1993, 63 pp.
ICAO, 1994: ICAO's Policies on Taxation in the Field of International
Air Transport. Document no. 8632-C/968, International Civil Aviation Organization,
Montreal, Canada, 2nd ed., 19 pp.
ICAO, 1995a:
ICCAIA Position on Stringency of Nox
Emissions Regulations. Working Paper 28, Committee on Aviation Environmental
Protection Working Group 3, December 515, 1995, Montreal, Canada,
Figure
10.2 adapted from underlying document.
ICAO, 1995b: ICAO Engine Emissions Data Bank. Document no. 9646,
International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada, 177 pp.
ICAO, 1996a: Report of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection.
Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Working Group 3, Third Meeting,
Montreal, Canada, 515 December 1995. Document no. 9675, International
Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada, 149 pp.
ICAO, 1996b: Civil Aviation Statistics of the World. Document no.
9180, International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada, various years,
200 pp.
ICAO, 1997a: Convention of International Civil Aviation. Document
no. 7300/7, International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada, 7th
ed., 52 pp.
ICAO, 1997b: Statements of the Council to Contracting States on Charges
for Airports and Air Navigation Services. Document no. 9082/5, International
Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada, 5th ed., 23 pp.
ICAO, 1997c: International Civil Aviation Organization Strategic Action
Plan. State Letter M 2/5-97/20 (with Appendices A and B), 14 March 1997.
International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada, 20 pp.
ICAO, 1998a: Report of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection.
Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Working Group 4, Fourth Meeting,
Montreal, Canada, 68 April 1998. Document no. 9720, International Civil
Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada, 99 pp.
ICAO, 1998b: Report of the Executive Committee on Agenda Item 21 to the
32nd Session of the ICAO Assembly. A32-WP/243, International Civil Aviation
Organization, Montreal, Canada, October 1998, 19 pp.
ICAO, 1998c: Statement from the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) to the Fourth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. International Civil Aviation
Organization, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
IPCC, 1996a: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation
of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contribution of Working Group
II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Watson, R.T., N.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (eds.)]. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 880 pp.
IPCC, 1996b: Technologies, Policies, and Measures for Mitigating
Climate Change: IPCC Technical Paper 1. Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change Working Group II [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and
R.H. Moss (eds.)]. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 85
pp.
IPCC, 1996c: The IPCC Second Assessment, Synthesis of Scientific-Technical
Information Relevant to Interpreting Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland,
64 pp.
IPCC, 1996d: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate
Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Bruce, J.P., H. Lee, and
E.F. Haites (eds.)] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and
New York, NY, USA, 448 pp.
IPCC, 1996e: Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Reference Manual. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Montreal Protocol, 1987: Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer. Article 1, Paragraph 8, Definition of "industrial rationalization."
16 September 1987, Montreal, Canada.
OECD, 1989: Economic Instruments for Environmental Protection. Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, 132 pp.
OECD, 1997a: Special Issues in Carbon/Energy Taxation: Carbon Charges
on Aviation Fuels. OECD/GD(97)78, Policies and Measures for Common Action,
Working Paper 12, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Annex
1 Expert Group on the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change,
Paris, France, March 1997, 67 pp.
OECD, 1997b: Sustainable Development, OECD Policy Approaches for the
21st Century. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris,
France, 1997, 190 pp.
Sutkus, Jr., D.J., 1997: 2050 Fuel Efficiency and NOx
Technology Scenarios. Paper submitted to a meeting of Working Group 3 of
the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection, Bern, Switzerland, November
1997.
UNCED, 1992: Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development - Annex I: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. A/CONF.151/26
(vol. 1), Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992. 12 August 1992, United Nations, New
York, NY, USA.
UNFCCC, 1992: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Adopted 9 May 1992 in New York, NY, USA.
UNFCCC, 1996: Communications from Parties included in Annex I to the
Convention: Guidelines, Schedules, and Process for Consideration. Secretariat
note FCCC/SBSTA/ 1996/9/Add. 1, United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, 8 July 1996, Geneva, Switzerland, 22 pp.
UNFCCC, 1997: Report of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological
Advice on the Work of its Fourth Session, Geneva, Switzerland, 1618 December
1996. FCCC/SBSTA/1996/20, 27 January 1997, United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change, 16 pp. + annex.
UNFCCC, 1998a: Addendum to the Report of the Conference of the Parties
on Its Third Session, Kyoto, Japan, 111 December 1997. FCCC/CP/1997/
7/Add. 1, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 18 March 1998,
Kyoto, Japan, Decision 2/CP.3, 60 pp.
UNFCCC, 1998b: Addendum to the Report of the Conference of the Parties
on Its Third Session, Kyoto, Japan, 111 December 1997. FCCC/CP/1997/
7/Add. 1, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 18 March 1998,
Kyoto, Japan, Decision 1/CP.3, 60 pp.
U.S. Department of Transportation, 1995: Report to Congress, Child Restraint
Systems. Report of the Secretary of Transportation to the United States
Congress pursuant to Section 522 of the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization
Act of 1994, Public Law 103-305, Volume II, Appendix G. Department of Transportation,
Washington, DC, USA, 14 pp.
U.S. Department of Transportation, 1998: Air Travel Consumer Report.
Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings, Department of Transportation,
Washington, DC, USA, March 1999 and various editions, Flight Delay section,
29 pp.
U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration, 1991:
Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Final Regulatory Flexibility Determination,
and Trade Impact Determination, Transition to an All Stage 3 Fleet Operating
in the 49 Contiguous United States of America and the District of Columbia.
Office of Aviation Policy and Plans and Office of Environment and Energy, Federal
Aviation Administration, Washington, DC, USA, 23 September 1991, 127 pp. + appendix.
U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration, 1998:
Economic Analysis of Investment and Regulatory Decision--Revised Guide.
FAA-APO-98-4, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC, USA, January
1998, 133 pp.
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, 1995: Total Cost for Air Carrier
Delay for the Years 19871994. Office of Aviation Policy and Plans,
Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC, USA, December 1995, 4 pp. +
appendices.
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, 1997: Air Traffic Activity and Delay
Report. December 1997 and various dates, 13 pp.
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, 1998a: Impact of CNS/ATM Improvements
on Aviation Emissions. WW/IMP-IP7, Paper presented at the International
Civil Aviation Organization World-Wide CNS/ATM Systems Implementation Conference,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1115 May 1998, 4 pp.
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, 1998b: The Impact of National Airspace
Systems (NAS) Modernization on Aircraft Emissions. FAA DOT/FAA/SD-400-98/1,
Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC, USA, September 1998, 38 pp.
+ appendices.
Winston, C., 1998: U.S. industry adjustment to economic regulation. The
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(3), 89110.
Zurich Airport Authority, 1997:
Aircraft Engine Emission Charges at Zurich
Airport. Zurich Airport Authority, Environmental Protection, Zurich, Switzerland,
April 1997, 10 pp.